Stereoscopic television system



June 27, 1950 J, HQMRIGHOUS 2,513,176

STEREOSCOPIC TELEVISION SYSTEM Original Filed Feb. 24, 1943 i ,zsz 264 268 ass ,26'!

R.F. |s"r. VIDEO 2E0 POWER AMP. 0:1: AM?

5 Sheets-Sheet 1 FIGI FIGIO INVENTOR.

June 27, 1950 J. H. HOMRIGHOUS STEREOSCOPIC TELEVISION SYSTEM 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 T0 snurrsn FIGS INVENTOR;

June 27, 1950 J. H. HOMRIGHOUS 2,513,176

STEREOSCOPIC TELEVISION SYSTEM Original Filed Feb. 24, 1945 5 Sheets-Sheet s June 27, 1950 J. H. HOMRIGHOUS 2,513,176

STEREOSCOPIC TELEVISION SYSTEM Original Filed Feb. 24, 1943 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 June 27, 1950 J. H. HOMRIGHOUS STEREOSCOPIC 'TELEVISION SYSTEM 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 Original Filed Feb. 24, 1943 Patented June 27, 19 56 s'rcasoscoric rELEvisioNsYSirEM John H. Homr'ig-hous, Oak Park, ill.

Original application February. 24,1943, Serial No. 476,897. Divided and this-application February 10, 1945, Serial No. 577,297v

9 Claims. 1

My invention relatesto improvements in television communication systems.

One of the main objects of my invention is the provision of an improved method and system for projecting television pictures upon a large screen.

Another object of my invention is the provision of means forprojecting motion pictures on two or more large screens simultaneously.

Another object of my invention is the provision ofmeans for automatically changing the focus of the image on the mosaic of the camera tube to give the appearance of depth'in the reproduced pictures.

Another object of my invention is an improved method for developing the video or picture signals on an endless image storage film at the receiviiig tube and to then project the image picture to a large screen.

Several methods for developing and transmit= ting control frequencies have been devisedy for instance, control frequencies have been developed by tuned circuits and transmitted separately from the video frequencies either as a separate modulation on a separate carrier, or in the interval between successive picture fields. In my prior application, Patent No. 2,309,393 of January 26, 1943, control signals are combined with the picture signals in such manner, that both are transmitted and reproduced as picture or video signals; and in my prior application Serial Nilmber 541,752 filed July'26, 1942, now Patent Number 2,398,641, issued April 16, 1946, single impulses or control signals are developed at the end of each line and at the end of each picture field, and these signals are modulated on the carrier during the interval between lines and theinterval between picture fields to control the horizontal and vertical scanning action at the receiving station.

In my present invention, I employ similar means to that shown in my prior application Serial No. 451,722, now Patent No. 2,398,641, granted April 16, 1946, for developing control pulses for triggering or stopping the horizontal and vertical deflection of the cathode ray. The pulses are also employed .to control the movement of an endless screen or motion picture film.

This synchronizing system may be known as the follow up system, that is, the receiving station is not driven into synchronizing but follows the horizontal and vertical movements of the transmitting station. Also, since no tuned circuits are used in developing the synchronizing signals. this system is very flexible and will re.-

2 spond to any number of lines per picture" and alsd to the present television standard of thirty pic tures per second as well as to twenty-four pictures. per, second for motion picture fi1m..

In, my present invention I develop images froma scene on an endless fluorescent film or screen and initiate the step by step movement-of this film or the step by step movement of a conventional motion picture film by the same vertie cal control pulse which returns the cathode ray toits starting point. No method heretofore has been developed for initiating the movement of the film at the camera'tubeby the scanning con.- trol pulses. e

Figures 1 and 9 are simplified diagrammatic views of a television transmitting station, and a television re'Ceiving station, respectively, illus+ trating the principles applied in this invention,

Figure 2 is an improved television camera having one side cover removed, showing the ar rangeine'nt of the various pieces of associated mechanisms. 7

Figures 3 and 5 are schematic diagrams of camera control 'mQG'haniSm with, associated circuits, I

Figure .4 shows a portion'pf a picture film:

Figures 6 and 8 are circuit diagrams "of the horizontal and vertical deflecting apparatus respectivelsnshown in Figure 1.

Figure 7 is'a graphicalview showing horizontal and vertical synchronizing impulses.

Figure 10 is a diagrammatic view of a picture tube screen having a photo electric cell arranged for the reception of sound.

Figure 11 isa circuit diagram-ofthehorizontal and vertical deflecting apparatus illustrated in Figure 9.

Figure 12 is an improved television picture projectingdevice having one side cover partially removed showing the arrangement of the various pieces of associated mechanism.

Figures 13 and 14 are diagrammatic views of the arrangement ofpicturetubes projectingmm tion pictures to several screens simultaneously.

In Figure 1, the numeral l designates a cathode ray transmitting tube of conventional" type and is known as an Iconoscope or it may be'a tube" developed for perpendicular scanning-0f all points on'the mosaic, and as illustrated itcom prises a mosaic 2, photoelectric screenonwhich a light image of the object is projected and an electron gun for generating a ray of electrons directed at the screen, and two sets of deflecting plates for deflecting the electron ray at'the line and field frequencies, so that it is caused to scan 3 the screen. The picture is thereby developed and fed by an output connector 3 to a modulating amplifier 4.

A carrier wave is provided by an oscillator 5. In the power amplifier 6 this carrier wave is modulated by the frequency band video or picture signals and also by synchronizing impulses from the horizontal deflecting apparatus 1 and the vertical deflecting apparatus 8 between the horizontal lines and between the image fields through the modulation amplifier 4. The signals from the amplifier B are supplied by a connection 9 to the antenna 10. p

The control or synchronizing signals and the video signals are transmitted on the same carrier. Sound signals may be transmitted on a separate carrier, or the signals from the microphone I2 after suitable amplification at I3 may be modulated on the same carrier as the video signals between the picture signals and the control signals for each horizontal line.

The image may be projected onto the mosaic screen 2 directly from a scene, or the image may be projected onto the mosaic from a moving film I4 disposed as shown, which is given intermittent movement by suitable mechanism to project each picture frame separately.

With reference to Figure 2, I have shown an improved television camera which comprises means for initiating the movement of the picture film by the synchronizing or control signals, and also the provision of an image storage screen or film to reduce the intensity of the light required on the scene being televised.

Heretofore to control the movement of a film in front of a cathode ray camera tube a continuously rotating member has been employed, which is very difiicult to time or synchronize with the scanning operations of the cathode ray tube. In my invention I initiate the step by step movement of the film by the control impulse signals developed at the end of each field, which impulses also return the cathode ray in the camera tube to the starting point for the next picture field or frame; therefore regardless of the vertical scanning frequency the film movement will always be in synchronism with the changing picture fields in the camera tube.

In Figure 2 the numeral 34 represents a lightproof camera box having one cover removed to show the various pieces of apparatus contained therein for controlling the movement of a picture film, also the apparatus to record and to reproduce sound. The motion picture film 35 may be fed from the reel 36 through an opening 31 in the top of the camera box under sprocket wheel 38 and over the sprocket wheel 39, downward past the lens system 40, under the cam controlled sprocket wheel 4|, over sprocket wheel 42, under idling wheel 43 and over sprocket wheel 44, then downward past the sound reproducing apparatus comprising a photo cell 45 and its associated lamp 46 through the opening 41 in the'bottom-of the camera box and onto the reel 48.

The moving picture film 35 is a regular conventional type of picture film having a continuous sound track 49 near one edge as illustrated in Figure 4. The cathode ray tube I in Figure 2 is mounted in a recess ofthe camera box and back of the lens systems 40 and 50. Images on the mosaic screen 2 are formed by the passage of light from the lamp through the lens 40, film 35, and lens 50.

The film 35 is rapidly jerked downward or the step by step movement is causedby the relay 52 and its associated mechanism securely mounted on one side of the camera box 34 and comprising a pair of normally closed springs 53, opened by the action of armature 54. The armature 54 is connected by a cable 55 to the ratchet arm 55 so that the relay 52, which may be a solenoid, upon energizing operates its armature to communicate motion to the ratchet arm 56 which will rotate the sprocket wheel 4| to jerk or move the film downward one picture frame. The dog 51 holds the wheel and the film 35 in its operated position upon the deenergization of the relay 52. The ratchet arm 56 is then returned to its normal position by the spring 58 to engage another tooth in the sprocket wheel. The armature 54 may be connected to a dash pot mechanism 59 to govern the speed of its downward motion.

To shut off the light "from the lamp 5! during the movement of the film 35 I provide a shutter 60 rotatably mounted on the frame or box 34 and attached by a rod 6| to the armature 52 of the relay 63, which relay is securely mounted on the inside of the camera box 34.

Referring to the schematic circuit diagram of Figure 3 the upper winding of relay 63 is energized by control impulses momentarily applied to conductor 64 which are developed at the end of each scanned field or frame, to be more fully explained later., The relay 53 upon energizing operates the shutter 60 through the action of its armature 62 to shut off the light from the lens 40 as previously explained. The energization of relay 53 alsocauses the spring {55 to close a circuit from battery through the lower winding of relay 63, spring contacts 53 to ground at 65. This winding holds the relay 33 in its operated condition and therefore the shutter Bil shuts off the light from the lens 40 until the movement of the film is completed. The spring 61 is also operated by the energization of relay 53 to close a circuit from battery through the relay 52 to ground. The relay 52 as previously explained through the operation of its armature 54 moves the film downward the distance of one frame. The springs 53 are adjusted to break an instant before the armature 54 is completely operated, thereby opening the circuit through the lower winding of relay 63 whereupon relay 63 will deenergize, which will also cause relay 52 to release its armature to normal position. This operation is repeated at the end of each scanned field or frame.

The conventional motion picture film is provided with a continuous sound track as illustrated at 49, Figure 4, and in order to transmit these sound effects to the receiving stations I provide reproducing mechanismin the lower portion of the camera box comprising a photo tube 45 in a lightproof compartment 58; this tube is responsive to changes in light intensities caused by the continuous movement of the sound track by the motor Tl through a beam of light projected from the lamp 46 through the lens system 69 toward the photocell 45. The lamp 46 may be in a lightproof compartment 10. The sound signals from the photocell 45 after suitable amplification may be transmitted on a separate carrier or they may be modulated on the same carrier as the video signals to be fully explained later.

The motor H drives the wind up reel 48 to pull the film 35 past the sound reproducing mechanism in a continuous motion. 'I'he motor may be started or stopped and its speed regulated by the action of the arm 12, which is responsive to thesamount ofslackin the. film as. indicatedby the idlingpulley 43... For-instance, when the film iswjerked downward by the ratchet wheel. 41 the idlingpulley 33 will drop,. causing thevarm l2 tomove over the resistance 13, closing the circuit to the motor ii through an auto transformer 14,.as illustrated in the schematic, circuitdiagram of: Figure 5, should the frame scanning speed be increased the film would travelfaster toward the pulley 43 allowingit to dropfurther to thereby adjust the slide arm 72 to increase the potential appliedto the motor. Should the scanning-,mechanism be switched off the relay 52 would now remain inoperative and the motor ll would pull the. film downward causing the pulley 43 to move thearm. It to the off position, thereby stopping the motor.

One of the chief purposes of the lightproof camera box is to provide a dark compartment for ageing a translucent picturefilm having a coating of luminescent material for storing an image for arshort period of time. In other words, in place of the conventional moving picture film described above, I may employ a translucent film coated with a fluorescentmaterial having a short interval of light storage so that an image of a scene may be stored on the film until the film can be moved in the path of a strong light for increasing the brilliancy of the film image to project the image onto the mosiac of a cathode ray tube. This film may have a sound track which is similar to the sound track illustrated in Figure 4.

With further reference to Figure 2, the endless image storage film 15 which may be made either from a translucence material coatedwith aluminescent substance or a fabric impregnated with luminescent material may be used in the camera box 3 3 in place of the conventional moving picture film 35. The luminescent or fluorescent material for the film may comprise a mixture of various materials which are described indetail in Patents No. 2,302,770, issued Nov. 24. 1942, and Patent No. 2,306,497, issued Dec. 29, 19,42. The film it may pass over the sprocket wheel 39 then downward past the lens systems 16' and Q0, under the sprocket cam controlled ratchet wheel ll, over wheel d2, under idling wheel 43, over wheel 6, then downward past the glow lamp ii, and photocell 45, under sprocket wheels 73 and '59,. engaging the motor driven sprocket wheel 8%, and over the cam controlled ratchet wheel 8!.

The operation is as follows: light reflected from the object or the scene being televised is projeoted through the lens system it onto the image storage film 75 at a distance of several frames above the lens systemsflll and G. The film is jerked downward step by step by the relay 52 at the end of each scanned field or frame as previously described to bring each picture frame in alignment with the lens systems do and 56 Where the images on the storage film or light rays from the images will be projected onto the mosaic 2 of the cathode ray tube l, similar to the picture projection from the moving picture film 35.

Images on the light responsive recording film limay be projected onto the mosaic screen 2 through the lens system 50. In order to increase the-glow from the different degrees of shading inthe images on film i5, light rays from a source of light 51 may be directed toward the film which momentarily increases the brilliancy of the various shadings or intensifies the glow.

The tones or shades on .the luminescence film 15 .are exactly as the appear, inthe scene; that: is, blackis. :black or the luminescence film; may be-known asa positive image film.

The images projected from the storage filmlt will be reversed from those projected. from the. film 35, therefore when using luminescence screen I turn the pickuptube. l upside down as indicated by the dashed lines at 82.

Therelay 52. by the attached cable 83 operates the cam controlled ratchet wheel 8i instep with the ratchet wheel t i. to assist in moving the. end-v less film about the cameraboxt l. The relay fit is operated from control signals developed at end of each frame to in turn move the shutter 66 in front of .the moving film as previously 6X1" plained. The relay 63 upon releasingwill. close an energizing circuit for relay 8 3 through the switch 85. The switch 85. being openwhenusing motion picture film. The relay S l is mounted above the lens system 56 and operates or. trips the camera exposure shutter 85 after each movement of the luminescence storage film.

Relay i363, mounted at the side of the lens system 53 and energized during alternate frames, to be explained more fully later, will rotate the lens holder 87 by the movement of its armature and the attached cable. 88. secured to the pin. 89. The downward movement of pin 89 in the angu-. larly located slot all causes the lens holder ill to move closer to the mosaic 2 which will slightly change the focus of the image at the mosaic. The lens system is returned to its. normal posi tion by a spring 39'. The reproduced images will appear. closer in alternate frames than they will.

in the intervening frames, thus giving the eiTect of more depth to the pictures.

From the foregoing description it will be uri-v derstood that either a conventional motion picture film, or an image storage luminescent film may be used with the cathode ray pick up tube to develop video. signals from a scene, at approximately the time ofits occurrence. Furthermore, the cathode ray tube may be used without either of the above mentioned films to develop picture signals directly from a scene.

The glow lamp ll is for recording sound effects on the film it. Since the storage film 75 has a certain definite delay interval from the taking of a picture until it is projected onto the mosiac. the glow tube 77 is arranged at a certain distance above the sound pick up photocell it so that the sound may be transmitted with the picture with which it is associated.

The glow lamp "il' may be of a known conventional type; however, I prefer to use the improvedglow lamp shown in application Ser. No. 541,941, now Patent No. 2,425,877, issued Aug. 18, 1947. The glow lamp ll is placed inside a metal container 98 as shown in Figure 2. In the end of the metal container there is a narrow rectangular aperture. The film i5 is continuously moving past the narrowaperture so that the different degrees of brilliancy may be recorded in the sound track area on the luminescence film it, to be reproduced a short interval thereafter by the photocell 45 With reference to Figure 6, the apparatus 1 for horizontal deflection comprises a condenser 100 charged through an adjustable resistance Ill! from a source of positive voltage as indicated. By movement of the switches Hi2 and IE3 an? other condenser lil i maybe charged through resistance I05 from a source of high voltage to supply a different line frequency for horizontal deflection. Charging currentcontrol may also/bet obtained by varying the resistances through movable contacts I06 and I61 to give close frequency adjustments. Further line frequency variations may be obtained by providing other resistances and condensers connected to the vacant switch contacts.-

When the condenser I06 or I04 becomes charged, depending upon which switch contacts are closed, the saw-tooth voltage wave in the plate circuit of tube I06 is impressed on the grid I09 of multi unit tube H through an adjustable contact I I I on the voltage dividing resistance H2 which contact is for controlling or adjusting the amplitude of the saw tooth voltage wave. The output of the push-pull amplifier IIil supplied to the load resistors H3 and H4 will change the potential on the horizontal deflecting plates H5 and I I6 of tube I to effect in a well known manner the forward movement of the cathode ray.

To initiate the discharge of the condenser I00 or I04 I provide an auxiliary scanning device or a cathode ray tube I I1 of conventional type similar to tube I except that it may be of smaller size and it may comprise a fluorescent screen I I8 of rectangular shape, and an electron gun for developing a ray of electrons directed toward the screen. The control electrode of this tube is biased to produce a constant intensity electron ray. Two sets of electrostatic plates may be furnished, one set I I9 and I to control the deflection of the electron ray lengthwise the screen, and another set I2I and I22 to controlthe deflection of the electron ray in a direction perpendi-cular to the length of the screen. Three photoelectric cells in separate evacuated bulbs are provided inside the cathode ray tube II'I. One photocell I23 extends across the tube near one edge of the screen and another photocell I'24 is placed near the center of the screen. The glass evacuated bulbs of these photo-- cells may be coated with luminescent material similar to the screen in the cathode ray tube except that the coating on the photocells may have a shorter persistence time.

The deflecting plates I I9 and 920 are connected in parallel to the deflecting plates I I5 and N6 of tube I so that the cathode ray in both tubes travels across their respective screens in synchromsm.

When the cathode ray tube II1 arrives at the edge of the screen having the photocell I23, the change of light in the photocell, due to the electron ray impinging the fluorescent material on the outside of the photocell causes a voltage impulse to be applied to the grid I25 of the double triode tube I26. The voltage change on the grid of tube I=26 causes several things to happen; first, the signal after amplification in the anode circuit is applied to the control grid I21 of tube I through condenser I28 and resistance I29 to extinguish or lower the intensity of the electron ray during its backward movement or retrace period; second, this signal is applied through resistances I30 to grid I3I of tube I08 and after amplification in the anode circuit it is, applied through the coupling condenser I32 and resistance I33 to the grid of the modulating video amplifler 4 for modulating the carrier with a high amplitude impulse durin the backward movement of the electron ray or the retrace period as illustrated at I34, Figure 7, to thereby control horizontal deflection at the receiving stations; third, this signal is also applied to the second grid I35 of tube I26 and after amplification in its anode circuit it is then applied through resistance 136170 the gridI3'I 0f the trigg tube 18..

This tube then becomes conductive to discharge either of the connected condensers I00 or I04.

From the foregoing it will be understood that the photocell I23 initiates the cut off or horizontal return trace of the cathode ray, modulates the carrier with a high amplitude signal wave be-; tween horizontal lines, and also reduces the intensity of the electron ray in tube I. Furthermore, line frequency may be varied to meet any operating condition through the adjustment of the variable resistances IM and I05 and the condensers I00 and I04. The amplitude or width of the pattern scanned may be adjusted by the movable contact III.

With'reference to Figure 8, the vertical deflecting apparatus 8 is quite similar to the hori-' zontal deflecting apparatus I and comprises a: condenser I38 charged through an adjustable resistance I39 from a source of positive voltage as indicated. By rotating the switches I40 and MI another condenser through the resistance I43 from the source of high voltage to supply different predetermined frame or picture frequencies. Charging currentcontrol may also be obtained by varying the re output of the push pull amplifier tube I48 sup-- plied to the load resistances I46 and I56 will. change the potential via conductors I5I and I52- on the vertical deflecting plates I5I' and I52 of tube I to efifect the forward movement of theelectron ray.

To initiate the discharge of condensers I38 or I42 I provide an auxiliary vertical scanning device or cathode ray tube I 53 of ccnventionaltype and similar to tube II1 previously described except that it has two photocells I54 and I55 in separate evacuated bulbs extending inside of the tube I53 and near the cathode ray leaving edge of the screen I56.

The plates I5 I and I52 are connected in paral-: lel to the deflecting plates I51 and I58 respectively in tube I53, so that the movement of theelectron ray across theirrespective screens will be in synchronism. 1

When the electron ray of tube I53 arrives at the edge of the screen having the photocell I54, the change in intensity of light to the cell caused by the electron ray impinging the fluorescent material on the outside of the photocell bulb will cause a voltage impulse to be applied to the grid I59 of the double triode tube I60. The voltage change on the grid of tube I60 initiates three con-. ditions; first, the signal after amplification in the plate circuit is applied through resistance 'I 6| to the grids I62 and I63 of the double triode I64. after suitable amplification the signal is supplied from anode I65 to coupling condenser I66, con-- ductor I61, resistance I61 to the gridof modulation amplifier 4 for modulating the carrier with a high amplitude impulse between picture fields or during vertical retrace. The secondcondition is as follows: the signal amplified inthe second plate circuit of tube I64 is applied through couplingcondenser I68, conductor I68, to the grid I42 may be charged- 9 of tube I26 in the horizontal deflecting apparatus I to cause, as previously explained, the return of the electron ray to its horizontal starting position, lowering the intensity of the electron ray, and modulating the carrier with a high amplitude signal in synchronism with the modulating signal from the tube I64. The modulation of the carrier with two signals of large amplitude in synchronism will produce a signal having an ampliture greater than either of the signals alone, illustrated at I59, Figure 7. The third condition is as follows: the signal on grid I5 after amplification is also applied to the grid ill! or tube Hi5 and after suitable amplification in its anode circuit it is applied through resistance I?! to the grid of the trigger tube 245. This tube then becomes conductive to discharge either of the condensers I558 or 542.

When certain types or" camera tubes are used such as illustrated in Figure 1 it may be necessary to make corrections in the horizontal line deflection for the keystone efiect and in order to do this I provide a push-pull amplifier screen grid tube H2, Figure 6, having a control grid I73 connected in parallel to the grid I09 of the amplifler HQ. The screen grid H4 is connected. by conductor IE5 to the load resistor I49 to gradually vary the tube output in accordance with the field deflection. The output of the push-pull amplifier 2'32 supplied to load resistances I16 and ill will now change the potential on the horizontal deflecting plates 5 i5 and I I5 through the switches H8 and MS to correct for unequal amplitudes for horizontal scanning when a pick-up tube having its image-plate inclined to the scanning beam is used at the transmitter.

From the foregoing it will be understood that the photocell Hid initiates the return of the electron ray both vertically and horizontally to its starting point between fields, modulates the carrier with a high amplitude pulse between fields or picture frames, and also lowers the intensity of the electron ray between fields, simultaneously during the retrace period. Furthermore, line and frame frequency may be varied to meet any operating condition such as twenty-four or thirty pictures per second. By observing the sweep or otherwise timing the cathode ray in tube I53 it may be adjusted through the variable resistances I35 and I43 and the condensers M8 and M2 to operate at a particular frequency while the amplitude may be adjusted by the movable contact Hie to give the desired height scanned on the mosaic or to cut off the vertical deflection at any desired number of linesper field.

To provide interlace scanning, where the lines of one field fall in between the lines of the provious field, some means for delaying the line scanning in alternate fields must be provided since the field retrace control pulse also returns the horizontal movement of the cathode ray to its starting point which will cause the electron ray to travel in almost a vertical direction during retrace instead of backward and forward across the image screen.

In order to accomplish the above method of interlace, where the number of lines per frame, and the number of frames per second may be aried as desired, I employ apparatus to deflect momentarily the electron ray in the scanning control devices for exciting other photo-electric cells in the scanning devices to thereby control the horizontal deflection so that the first line in alternate fields will only be one half the length of the other scanned lines, Wl'lich will have the .10 efiect of moving the electron ray in the camera tube vertically in alternate fields a'distance of one half of the space between lines.

With further reference to Figure 8, to control interlace scanning, a voltage pulse is developed each time that the photocell I54 is excited to initiate the return of the electron ray to its start-- ing point in the second anode circuit of tube I60, and applied through the switch I86, conductor IBI, condenser 'I82,'to the grid I83oftube I84, Figure 6. This positive pulse on the grid or tube I84 allows current to flow through resistance I85 momentarily to charge the condenser I85. This causes a voltage change in the plate circuit: of tube I81 which is impressed on the grid I88 of the double triode tube I89. The output from the amplifier tube I89 is supplied to the load resistors I99 and 200 to alter the potential on the deflecting plates I2! and I22 of the scanning control tube or device I I! to deflect the electron ray infa direc tion perpendicular to the length .ofixthescreed- This small deflection of the cathode ra in tube I I will only be for a short time, since the cathode ray during its first-horizontal movement after vertical retrace will impinge the fluorescent coating on the photocell I2 3 located approximately in the middle of the screen but normallyzout of the path of the cathode ray; The change of lightin this photoelectric cell causes a voltage impulse. to be applied to the grid 20I of the double triode amplifier 2532. The voltage change on the 'giid of tube 292 causes several things to happen; first, the signal or voltage impulse afteramplification in the second anode circuit is applied to thegrid of trigger tube I87 through coupling condenser 233. This tube then becomes conductive to discharge the condenser I86 thus restoring the oath"- oderay in tube I I! to its normal position; second, the signal is applied through'coupling condenser 2M, conductor 168" to the grid I25 of tube-"I26 thus causing the cathode ray of tube I and. II! to return to their starting pointsas previously described but, after only one half of the distance of a horizontal line was scanned, which will have the efiect of locating successive scanned lines in between the scannedline locations of the previous field; third, the signal or impulse from they second anode circuit of tube 282 is also applied over com ductor 205, through switch 205' and coupling condenser 2596 to the grid 20! of tube 208. This positive pulse on the grid of tube 2% allows current toflow through resistancezflll momentarily to charge the condenser 210; this causes a voltage change in the plate circuit of tube 2II which is applied through blocking condenser 212 to the grid 2I3 of the double amplifier tube 2M. The output from the amplifier tube ZHI i ..sup plied to the load resistances Z I 5 and 2 I 5 to change the potential on the deflecting plates 2Il and 218 of the scanning control tube or device I53 to deflect the electron ray in a directionperpendicular to the length of the screen. This deflection of the cathode ray will cause it to impinge the fluorescent coating on the photocell I55 instead of the photocell I54 at the end of the vertical deflection. The change of light in the photocell .I 55 causes a voltage impulse to be applied to the grid ZIQ of the double triode amplifier 220. The voltage change on the grid of tube 220 causes several things to happen; first, the signal or voltage impulse after amplification in "the anode circuits is applied to the grid of the trigger tube 2!! through the blocking condenser 22!. This tube then becomes conductive to discharge the condensenzlll thus restoring the cathode ray' iii tube I53 to its normal position; second, the signal is applied through couplingcondenser 223 to the grid I62 of tube I64 thus causing the cathode ray in tubes I and I53 to return to their starting points as previously described.

From the above descriptionwit is shown that the scanning cycle will keep repeating, that is, the cathode ray in the vertical scanning control device "I53 will alternately excite the photocells I54 and I55 to cause verticalretrace etc. and each time that the photocell I54 is excited it causes the photocell I24 in the line control device I'I"I,Figure 6, to become excited, thereby causing the line locations scanned on theimage plate in alternate fields to fall in between the line locations scanned in the intervening fields. The switches I80 and 205' would be opened for progressive scanning.

-: "The cathode ray pick-up or camera tube I may be operated as described for transmitting images developed from a scene or it may be used in com nection with the camera box as shown in Figure 2*to transmit images of pictures on a moving picture film or from a 'memory or luminescent film. I 'The movement of the filmin front'of the camera tube by rapid jerks at the end of each picture field or frame depending upon whether interlace or progressive scanning is used, maybe initiated by the voltage impulse occurring in the tube I60, Figure 8, during retrace. This voltage impulse in the anode circuits of tube I6!!! is applied' through the conductor l6I, switch 225, coupling condenser 226, to the grid of tube 221. 'The voltage impulse on the grid of tube 221 causes the sensitive relay 228 to be momentarily energized, closing its spring contacts 229 .to place ground potential on conductor 64 thus energizing the shutter control relay 63' mounted in the camera box 34, which causes' the motion picture film to be moved or jerked downwardly at the 'end of each picture field or frame as previously explained.

The relay 86 mounted on the camera box 34 for-=changing the focus of the image projected to the image plate'may be energized at the end "of every other vertical sweep or at the end of each picture field over conductor 236 through the ac- 'tio'ncf toggle or fiip-fiop double coil relay 23I, Figure 8. The relay'23l may be operated during each vertical retrace period when progressive scanning is employed, or it maybe operated only during every other vertical retrace period since the tube I6!) is excited every other vertical sweep for interlace scanning; The ground potential at'sp-rings 229 is applied through the switch 232,

which is opened when changes in focus on the on conductor 230, thus energizing the relay 85 thereby adjusting the lens system 50 to alter the focus on the image plate. The energization of the coil 234 also opens springs 233 and closes springs 231 so that when the relay 228 is again energized during vertical retrace a circuit will 'be closed to the coil 238. The energization of coil 238 operates the armature 235 to open the circuit of the focus control relay 86 at springs 236 there- 'by changing the focus on image plate 2 to normal.

From the above description it is shown that the relay 86 may be energized during every other vertical retrace period for progressive scanning or it may be energized only during each frame period for interlace scanning, to project the images toward the image plate or mosaic having a certain focus for alternate periods and a different focus for the intermittent periods, thereby giving the illusion of depth in the reproduced pictures.

Sound signals may be transmitted on a separate carrier; however, I prefer to modulate the sound signals on the same carrier with the video signals but each having a separate period of time. In order to accomplish this the scene may be focused toward one side of the image plate leaving a small narrow space for sound at the oathode ray leaving edge of the image plate or mosaic, as illustrated at 239, Figure 7. This requires some means of automatically stop-ping or cutting ofi modulation of the video signals before the cathode ray reaches the edge of the image plate and at the same instant to start modulating the carrier by sound signals. To effect the change from modulating the carrier with video signals to modulating the carrier with sound signals or vice versa I employ a third photoelectric cell 240 located in the cathode ray scanning device In so that the cathode ray will impinge its outer coating of luminescent material once for each horizontal line for a shortperiod of time before impinging the photocell I23. This causes an increase of intensity of light in the photocell 240, thereby increasing the potential on the grid 241 of the tube 242 causing a voltage drop in the load resistance 243 which is applied through condenser 244 and resistance 245 and conductor 246 to the control grid I21 of the cathode ray pick-up tube I to extinguish or lower the intensity of its cathode ray whereby video signals will not be developed during the interval of increased light in the lphotocell 240. The voltage drop in the load resistace 243 is also applied .to the grid 24'! of the tube 248 through the condenser 24!! and resistance 253. The tube 248 is biased so that normally current will fiow through its load resistance 25I producing a large voltage drop.

Thislow voltage is applied to the screen grid 252 of amplifying tube 253. The normal low posi tive voltage applied to the grid 252 is considerably below the positive voltage applied through load resistance 254 to the anode and is of such value that it normally nullifies the conductivity of the tube 253 during the period that the video signals are being modulated on the carrier. However, the negative pulse applied to the grid 24! of tube 248 is of sufiicient value to stop the fiow of current through the tube, thereby increasing the potential on the screen grid'252 whereupon the microphone I2 01' photocell 45, depending upon whether the sound effects are being transmitted directly from the microphone or whether they are being reproduced from the film in Figure 2, may vary the potential on the control grid 255 to vary the output of tube 253 in accordance with sound vibrations. The variable output voltage is applied through condenser 256 and revideo and sound signals are modulated on thewith these signals in the first detector stag zfifi on the superhetero'dyne principle to produc'e an intermediate frequency whichis supplied to the video intermediate frequency stage 265. After suitable amplification the video signals and the control signals are detected at 25 6 and applied to the power amplifier "2-61 and afteramplification in this tube they are applied to fthe picture tube or scanning device 268. The device Eds-is represented as'being'in 'theior'm of a cathode raytube of a conventional type and comprises a fluore cent-screen 269, an electron gun for developing a ray of electrons directed at the screen, and two sets of electrostaticplates'for deflecting the electron ray at theline andifield frequencies to cause it to scan the=screen. The video signals are applied to the control electrode or the electron gun, whereby the intensity of the electron ray-is made to vary with the video or picture signals. The horizontal deflecting apparatus are receives the line synchronizing impulses from thesecond detector output, and theverti'cal deflecting apparatus 27! likewise receives .its control signals from the output of the second-detector.

The images from the screen 269 may "be impressed on a luminescent coated film or rotating member 212 disposed as shown, which may be given an intermittent movement by suitable mechanism in front of asu'itable lamp'to project each picture separately.

Sound signals may be transmitted ona separate carrier or they may be transmittedas part of the video signals as shown intmy prior application mentioned above. In my present invention the sound signals may be transmitted on the same carrier as the video signals but during an interval between the picture signals and the control'or synchronizing-signals. A; photoelectric cell 212 preferably placed on the inside of thecath ode' ray tube arranged at one'side of the tube as illustrated in Figure 10 and having a coating of luminescent material with a :rather fast decay period, so that the sound signals at theend of each horizontal line will cause 'vai'iousidegrees of light intensities inthe photocell 213 to'vary'its signal current output. These variations :in signals after amplification at 215 are reproduced as sound at the speaker 215.

With reference to Figure .11 the deflecting apparatus 2i?! and 2?! are very similar toxthat described for the transmitter. The apparatus 21:; for horizontal deflection at the receiver, comprises a condenser" 216 charged through a variable resistance 21'! from a positive source of potential as indicated. By adjusting the switches 2N and 219 other condensers suchas 560 may be charged through other resistances such as 28% from a source of high potentialto supply different line frequencies for horizontal deflection. Charging current control maybe ob tained by varying the resistancethrough movable contacts 282 and 283 to "give close z'frequehc'y' adjustments.

When the voltage across condenser 2 16. gradually increases or the condenser t280'depending upon which switch contacts are closed, the saw tooth voltage wave in the .la-tecircuit of tube 284 is impressed on the grid 285 of the double purpose tube 2555 through a voltagedividing resistance 281 and the adjustable contact 288 for controlling the amplitude of the saw tooth voltage waves. The output of the double purpose amplifyingtube 28 6 is appliedto the loadresistances 289 and 2 90 to change the potential oa-tnehonzomal dneeu 14 ing plates' 29'! and 292 of tube 268 to'iefie'ct the forward movement of the cathode ray.

'To initiate the discharge of condensers 216 or 280 in the absence of signal I provide an .oil and on electron relay tube-293. This tube has been described in my prior application Serial No. 472,105, filed January 12, 1943. The tube 293 may comprise a control electrode 2% for deflecting the electrons to and from the anode295.

'When the voltage at the load resistance 296 is increasing the potential on control electrode 2% will also increase untilits potential is approximately the same as the potential of' the anode 295. This will cause the electrons to flow from the cathode 296 to the anode 295 thus lowering the potential at the load resistance 291 which is applied through condenser 298 to the grid 29d of tube-38B. This change in potential after amplification in tube Mill is applied to the grid tilt of trigger tube 286. This tube then becomes conductive to discharge the condenser 216 returning the electron ray in tube 268 to its line starting position. Discharging the condenser 216 also decreases the potential at load resistance 290 thus lowering the potential of the control electrode 29% thereby causing the deflection of the electrons from the anode 295.

With further reference to Figure 11, the'vertical deflecting apparatus 2'5! is similar to the horizontal deflecting apparatus 2m; and comprises a'condenser 332 charged through a variable resistance 3% from a source of positive potential as indicated. By rotating the switches 3M and 305 another condenser tilt may be charged through a resistance-3B1 iromthe source of positive potential to thereby supply different frame or picture frequencies. Charging current control may also be obtained by varying the resistances through the movable contacts 308 and 309 to give close frame frequency adjustments.

When the voltage across the condenser 302 increases the saw tooth Wave in the plate circuit of tube Bill is impressed on the grid 3 of tube 312 through the resistance Sit and the adjustable contact 3M for controlling the amplitude of the vertical saw tooth wave. The output of double purpose amplifier tube 322 is applied to the load resistances M5 and 316 to increaseand decrease the potential on the vertical deflecting plates 3|! and am of tube 268 to effect the vertical movement of the electron ray.

To initiate'the discharge of the condensers 302 or 3% in the absence of control signals iprotide an off and oh relay tube 389 similar to tubetSS which may comprise a control electrode 32!) for deflecting the electrons to and from the anode 32!.

When the voltage at the load resistance 316 is increasing the potential on the control electrode 32% will also increase until its potential is approximately equal to the-potential on the anode. This will cause the electrons to flow from the cathode 322 to the anode 325 thus lowering the potential at the load resistance 322' momentarily which is appliedthrough the condenser to the grid 32i'of tube 325. This impulse after amplification in tube 325 is applied to the grid 326 of the trigger tube 3H3. This tube then becomes conductive to discharge condenser 3il2,"returnthe electron ray'in tube iliiil'to" itsframes'tart position. Discharging the condenser 382- also decreases the potential at load resistance '3l5 thus loweringthe potential of the control electrode 3 2t thereby causingthe deflection of the electrons from the anode 32!.

From the foregoing it will be understood that in the absence of signals, due to fading, or in turning the receiver on when there is no transmitter operating, that the electron ray in the tube 268 will oscillate both horizontally and vertically.

The video and control signals are demodulated at the second detector or rectifying tube 266. These signals are applied to the power amplifier 261 and after suitable amplification they are impressed on the control grid of the picture tube 268. Since the control or synchronizing signals are of a greater amplitude than the picture signals and appear at the end of each line and at the end of each field, they may be used to blank or reduce the intensity of the cathode ray in the viewing tube during the retrace period.

The control signals from detector tube 266 are also applied to the grids of tubes 321 and 328. The tube 321 for controlling the horizontal deflection period is biased so that the picture signals will not produce anode current, but it does respond to both the line and field synchronizing pulses to thereby apply a voltage impulse through the coupling condenser 329 to the grid 299 of tube 306. After suitable amplification in its anode circuit the signal is applied to the grid 36! of the trigger tube 284 to cause the discharge of condenser 216 thereby returning the electron ray of tube 268 to its starting point.

The tube 328 is biased to eliminate both the picture signals and the horizontal synchronizing impulses, but it will respond to the high amplitude synchronizing pulses to impress a potential impulse through the coupling condenser 330 to the grid 326 of tube 325. This tube will function'as previously described to discharge the condenser 3922 thereby returning the cathode ray in tube 258 to the starting point of the next field.

From the foregoing it is to be understood that the cathode ray in the receiving tube will be returned to either its horizontal line starting point or the starting point of the next field from any location on the screen upon the reception of a control or synchronizing signal. In other words, the horizontal control signals will return the electron beam to the starting point for the next line, and the vertical control signal will return the electron ray to the starting point of the first line in the next succeeding field.

The amplitude for the horizontal and vertical deflection is adjusted by the movable contacts 282 and 308 to adjust the sweep of the cathode ray across the fluorescent screen 269. The voltage on the anodes 295 and 32! may be adjusted to give considerable voltage drop in the load resistances 291 and 322 when the cathode ray reaches the leaving side of the screen 269 or when it reaches its limit of travel due to the amplitude adjustment. s

The operation of the receiver is as follows: when the receiver is energized, upon closing the power supply circuit the cathode ray will oscillate or travel forward and backward horizontally and vertically by deflecting potentials developed by charging the condensers 216 and 302 and discharging these condensers by the cut off devices or tube 293 and 3 l 9. However, upon the reception of synchronizing signals, interposed between lines and between picture fields, the line deflecting apparatus will function upon the reception of the first horizontal control pulse to return the cathode ray to start the next line in synchronism with the transmitter. Upon the reception of the first vertical control pulse the vertical deflecting apparatus will operate to return the electron ray to start the first line of the next succeeding field. Therefore the receiver will be automatically synchronized with the transmitter upon the reception of the first vertical synchronizing impulse, and the line deflection will be in step with the transmitter upon the reception of the first horizontal control impulse.

Synchronism. is accomplished by transmitting a control signal during each retrace period of the cathoderay in the pick up tube and utilizing this control signal at the receiver to return the cathode ray in the viewing tube to its starting point for the next forward movement.

In order to automatically control or regulate the scanning frequencies at the receiver and to care for slight irregularities in the transmitted control signals, I employ a regulator comprising a glow lamp 33l, a photocell 332, and a double unit tube 333. The glow lamp 33l and photoelectric cell 332 may be mounted in separate lightproof containers arranged in such a manner that the light from the glow lamp will be directed toward the photocell as indicated by the dotted lines 334.

The operation of the regulator is as follows: as the voltage at the load resistance 290 is increasing to move the electron ray horizontally forward, this increasing potential is also applied through condenser 335 to the grid 336 of the glow lamp 331. This will gradually increase the current through the glow lamp to cause it to glow more brilliantly. The variable light intensities from the glow lamp 33! are directed toward the photocell 332 as previously explained, and as the brilliancy increases the potential on the grid 331 is increased; The grid 331 is biased so that current will only flow in its plate circuit during the high amplitude of the saw tooth voltage wave or for a small distance of travel of the electron ray at the leaving edge of the screen. The potential change at the anode 338 is applied to the grid 339 causing a decrease of current through its anode, switch 346 and common load resistance 34L The charging resistance 211 and condenser 216 are connected in parallel with the resistance of the second set of elements of tube 333 comprising the anode 342. Therefore an increase in the resistance of the anode 342 circuit will cause a decrease in the charging current through the resistance 211 thereby slightly decreasing the frequency of deflection.

In operation the horizontal line frequency is adjusted slightly slower than the transmitter frequency which will cause the cut off or discharge of condenser 216 a short interval before the electron ray arrives at the leaving edge of the screen or picture, which means that the saw tooth wave did not reach its peak amplitude. Therefore the glow lamp would be slightly dimmed causing a higher current value through the resistance 211. Should the frequency at the receiver become too high the glow lamp would develop a greater intensity of light thus reducing the current flow through resistance 211.

From the above description it will be seen that this regulator will tend'to stabilize the horizontal scanning frequency at the receiver. While I have not shown the specific circuits to regulate or stabilize the vertical scanning frequency, I have shown a block diagram 343 to represent a similar regulator circuit arrangement comprising a glow lamp, photocell and double purpose amplifier and it is to be understood that this regulator 343 will operate to automatically control or regulate the '17 vertical sweep frequency in a manner similar to that described above for horizontal regulation over the conductors 344 and 345 and through common resistance 346.

The cut off devices or the off and on electron relay tube 233 and 3l9 may be considered as a safety device so that the electron ray in tube 268 will continue to oscillate should the signalsfade, or the transmitting station go off the air. With the reception of strong signals these tubes do not cause the return of the electron ray to its starting point. However, when monitoring on a transmitter using other forms of synchronizing signals the voltage on tubes 293 and 319 may be adjusted to return the electron ray in synchronism with the transmitter without utilizing any transmitted control signals.

To monitor on a television channel without utilizing at the receiver any one of several different synchronizing or control signals that may be transmitted, assuming that the scanning frequencies are reasonably stable, adjust at 288 and 314 the amplitude of the saw tooth waves or the sweep of the electron ray to scan a slightly smaller area than normal and employing the tubes 233 and 359 to develop cut off signals. Then adjust the horizontal and vertical frequencies at 282 and 308 so that the reproduced picture will have a narrow black line or border on the right and bottom edges. This mark is caused by blanking signals between lines and between fields. The black lines at the leaving edges of the screen will indicate when the receiver has been adjusted for the proper scanning frequencies as any deviation in the size of the reproduced picture would show that receiver was operating slow or fast.

For various controls at the receiver I provide a sensitive relay 341 operated through the tube 348. The signal impulse from tube 325 which triggers the tube 3H! as previously explained is also supplied through the switch 349 to the grid of tube 348. The voltage impulse on the grid 348 occurring at the end of each field or frame will increase the current momentarily in relay 34! thereby energizing it to close the spring contacts. 350 momentarily to either place ground potential on relay 63' over the conductor 34' at the end of each picture field for controlling the step by step movement of a film to be more fully described later, or to place ground potential through the switch 351 to the flip-flop relay 352 which operates in a manner similar to that previously described for relay 238. The relay 352 actuated at the end of each vertical period will alternately close the contacts 353 to place ground potential through switch 354 on the conductor 64' during alternate vertical periods for controlling the movement of a rotating screen, not shown. The contacts 355 may be closed during alternate field periods to place ground potential through switch 356 to the relay 86 for the purpose of controlling the focus of the lens system at the receiver during alternate field period to be later described.v H

vWith reference to Figure 12 I have shown an improved picture projecting machine or motion picture machine which comprises means for initiating the movement of a luminescent coated film; by the received synchronizing or control signals.

In this picture projecting machine I initiate the step by step movement of the film by the control impulse signals developed at the end of each field. These impulses also return the cathode ray in the picture tube to the starting point for the next picture field or frame; therefore regardless of the vertical scanning frequency thefilm move- 18 ment will always be in synchronism with the changing picture fields in the picture tube.

In Figure 12 the numeral 359 represents a lightproof box having one cover partly broken away to show the various pieces of apparatus contained therein for controlling the movement of an endless picture or luminescent coated film. The endless film 363' may be jerked downward past the picture tube 238 and the lens system 35 l The picture tube 338 may be mounted inside the box359. Images on the screen 269 are projected to the film 355 which is subsequently jerked downward in the path of the light rays from the lamp 332. The passage of the light from the lamp through the lens 363 increases the brilliancy of the various shadings or intensifies the glow in the images recorded on the film 353. The lens system 3M projects the images or light rays from the image on the film to a large remote screen, in much the same manner as that of a motion picture projector.

The film is rapidly jerked downward or the step by step movement is caused by the relay 52' and its associated mechanisms securely mounted inside the box 359. The armature 54 is connected by a cable 55 to the ratchet arm 55' so that the relay 52 upon energizing operates its armature 54' to communicate motion to the ratchet arm 55' and the sprocket wheel 354 to jerk the film downward one picture frame.

- To shut off the light from the lamp 362 and the light from the cathode ray tube 238 during the movement of the film 355, I provide a double shutter 65' rotatably mounted on the frame or box 359 and attached by a rod 5! to the armature B2 of the relay 63' which relay is securely mounted on the inside of thebox 359.

The operation of the relays 52' and 33' is ex-. actly similar to that described for the relay 52 and 63 in the camera box and as described in connection with Figure 3 with the exception that switch would be in open position. Like reference characters have been given to similar mechanisms.

One of the chiefpurposes of the lightproof box 353 is to provide a dark compartment for aging the translucent picture film having a coating of luminescent material for storing an image for a short period of time. The luminescent or fiuo rescent material may comprise a mixture of various materials which are described in detail in above mentioned Patents No. 2,302,770 and No. 2,306,407. In other Words I employ either a translucent film coated with luminescent material or the luminescent material may be held between two pieces of translucent film or fabric so that an image may be stored on the film until it can be movedin the path of a strong light for increasing the brilliancyof the film image to project theimage onto a large screen at a distance.

The relay 86' controls the lens system 35! to slightly change the focus of an image projected to a remote screen in order to produce the illusion of-depth in the reproduced pictures. The relay 33 maybe operated in alternate field periods by the flip-flop relay 352 to slightly move the lens 36-! forward and backward similar to that described forthe :relay 86. The relay 86 is rendered inoperative by the switch 356 and would only be operated when the focus changing relay 8,5 at'the transmitter was not operating, that is, during such times when televising from a conventional motion picture film.

Referring to Figures 13 and 14, I illustrate two arrangements that may be utilized in projecting pictures in theatres to two or more screens. In present day motion picture theatres the pictures are projected to only one large screen with the result that the pictures seen by the patrons close to either wall will be very much distorted. To overcome this distortion I employ three large screens 318, 319 and 380 in Figure 13 and each served by a separate projecting device as described above in connection with Figure 12 and as illustrated by the reference numerals 38I, 382 and 383. Since these devices are in multiple the same pictures will be shown simultaneously on the three screens and the patrons near the sides of the house will see the picture as distinctly as those in the middle section.

With further reference to Figure 13, I also employ two projecting devices such as 381' and 382 for projecting the same pictures to a single screen but focused slightly difierent at the screen; that is, 38l may be focused slightly in front of and slightly to one side of the image projected by the other device 382 to give the illusion of depth to the pictures.

Figure 14 shows a different arrangement of large screens 384 and 385 in a theatre so that a greater number of patrons may view undistorted pictures. Furthermore many different arrangements of the screens may be employed to serve larger groups of people; for instance, the stage may be set in the center of an amphitheatre with the pictures showing on four or six difierent screens simultaneously.

In the various circuits shown and described I have simplified the drawings by indicating the source of potential by a positive or negative sign. Also I have omitted the heater filaments for the various tubes, but it will be understood that such filaments would be necessary.

The embodiments of the invention which have been given herein are illustrations of how the various features may be accomplished, and the principles involved. It is to be understood that the invention contained herein is capable of embodiment in many other forms and adaptations, without departing from the spirit of the invention and the scope of the appended claims.

This invention is adivision of application Serial Number 476,897, filed February 24, 1943.

Having thus described my invention, I claim:

I. In a television system, a television receiver to receive video signals and synchronizing control signals, a plurality of cathode ray tubes associated with said receiver, each of the said tubes having n image screen and an electron ray directed toward its associated screen, means including saw tooth wave generators under control of said synchronizing signals to cause the electron ray in each of the said tubes to repeatedly scan its associated screen in two directions to produce successive images on each of the said screens from said video signals, a movable fiu'orescent film for each of the said image screens responsive to light rays from its associated image screen to record the said images thereon, a picture projector including an optical lens for each of the said films, a plurality of distant screens, one for each of the said projectors, and means including a plurality of electromagnetic devices, one associated with each of the said cathode ray tubes, to move said films in unison past their associated lenses to simultaneously project like images to said distant screens.

2. In a television system, a television receiver to receive video signals and synchronizing control signals, a pair of cathode ray tubes associ- "atedlwi th 'said' receiver, each of the said tubes of said synchronizing signals to cause the electron ray in each of the said tubes to repeatedly scan its associated screen in two directions to produce successive images on each of the said screen from said video signals, a movable fluorescent film for each of the said image screens responsive to light rays from its associated image screen to record the said images thereon, a picture projector including an optical lens for each of the said films, a distant screen, means including a pair of electromagnetic devices, one for each of the said cathode ray tubes, to move said films in unison past their associated lenses to simultaneously project like images to said distant screen, a first one of said projectors arranged to project said images to a first area on said distant screen and a second one of said projectors arranged to project said images to a second area ofiset relative said first area, but including a major portion of said first area.

3. In a television system, a receiver to receive picture signals and synchronizing control signals, a cathode ray tube having an image screen and an electron ray directed toward the screen, means including saw tooth wave generators under control of said synchronizing signals to cause the electron ray to repeatedly scan said screen in two directions to produce picture images thereon from said picture signals, a distant viewing screen, means including a picture projector having a movable lens to project said picture images to said viewing screen, and means including an operable member responsive, to certain of said synchronizing signals to move said lens forward and backward relative said tube screen to produce differently focused images on said distant viewing screen.

4. Ina television transmitter for the transmission of pictures on a movable film, a cathode ray tube having an image screen and an electron ray directed toward the screen, means including a picture projector comprising a source of light for projecting picture images from said film to said screen, said projector having an adjustable lens, generator means to produce line control signals, generator means to produce frame control signals, means including an electromagnetic device associated with said cathode ray tube to move said film step by step into position for projecting successive'picture images to said image screen, means including an operable member under control of certain of said control signals to move said lens backward and forward relative saidv screen to produce differently focusedimages on said screen from said film and means under control of said control signals to cause the electron ray to re-, peatedly scan said screen in two directions to produce video signals representative of the images on said screen.

5. In a television system,'a television transmitter for the transmission of pictures on a movable fluorescent film, means associated with said'transmitter including an optical lens to produce images of a scene within the view of said transmitter on said film, a cathode ray tube having a screen and an electron ray directed toward the screen, means including a picture projector having a movable lens to project said film images to said screen, first generator means to produce line synchronizing signals, second generator means to produce frame synchronizing signals, means including an electromagnetic device associated with said cathode ray tube to move said film step by step into'posltion for projecting successive film images to -said screen, means including an operable member under control of certain of said control signals to move said lens backward and forward relative said screen to produce difierently focused images on said screen from said film, and means under control of said signals to cause the electron ray to repeatedly scan said screen in two directions to produce video signals representative of the images on said screen.

6'. In a, television system, a transmitter for the transmission of pictures on a movable film, a cathode ray camera tube having an image screen and an electron ray directed toward the screen, means including a picture projector comprising a source of light for projecting picture images from said film to said screen, said projector having an adjustable lens, generator means to produce line synchronizing signals, generator means to produce frame synchronizing signals, means including an electromagnetic device associated with said cathode ray tube to move said film into position for projecting successive picture images to said image screen, means including an operable member under control of certain of said synchronizing signals to move said lens backward and forward relative said screen to produce differently focused images on said screen from said film, means under control of said synchronizing signals to cause the electron ray to repeatedly scan said screen in two directions to produce video signals representative of the images on saidscreen, means to produce a carrier wave, means to transmit said carrier wave modulated with said video signals and said synchronizing signals in successive rotation, a receiver to receive said signals, a cathode ray viewing tube having a fluorescence image screen and an electron ray directed toward the fluorescent screen, and means under control of said received synchronizing signals to cause the electron ray to scan said fluorescent image screen to reproduce said differently focused images thereon from said received video signals.

7. In a. television system, a transmitter for the transmission of pictures on a movable film, a cathode ray camera tube having an image screen and an electron ray directed toward the screen, means including a picture projector comprising a source of light for projecting picture images from said film to said screen, said projector having an adjustable lens, generator means to produce line synchronizing signals, generator means to produce frame synchronizing signals, means including an electromagnetic device associated with said cathode ray tube to move said film into position for projecting successive picture images to said image screen, means including an operable member under control of certain of said synchronizing signals to move said lens backward and forward relative said screen to produce differently focused images on said screen from said film, means under control of said synchronizing signals to cause the electron ray to repeatedly scan said screen in two directions to produce video signals representative of the images on said screen, means to produce a carrier wave, means to transmit said carrier wave modulated with said video signals and said synchronizing signals in successive rotation, a receiver to receive said signals, a plurality of cathode ray picture tubes associated with said receiver, each of the said picture tubes having a fluorescent image screen and an electron ray directed toward its associated screen, and means under control of 22 said received synchronizing signals to cause the electron'rays to scan their respective fluorescent imageiscreens to reproduce said differently focused images thereon from said receivedvideo signals. 8.1 In-a, system for the transmission of pictures, a cathoderay tube having an image screen and anaelectronray directed toward the screen, means includingamovable lens to. project picture images on said: screen, generator means to produce saw tooth waves including synchronizing control signals to, control the interval of each saw tooth wave, ,.,j'operable means responsive to certain of said synchronizing signals to move said lens back- Ward andiorward relative said screen to produce differently focused images on said screen, and means under control of said synchronizing signals to -cause theelectron ray to repeatedly scan said screen; intwo directions to produce video signals representative of the images on said screen.

9. In a television system, a transmitter for the transmission of pictures on a movable film, a cathode ray camera tube having an image screen and an electron ray directed toward the screen, mean including a picture projector comprising a source of light for projecting picture images from said film to said screen, said projector having an adjustable lens, generator means to produce line synchronizing signals, generator means to produce frame synchronizing signals, means including an electromagnetic device associated with said cathode ray tube to move said film into position for projecting successive picture images to said image screen, means including an operable member under control of certain of said synchronizing signals to move said lens backward and forward relative said screen to produce differently focused images on said screen from said film, means under control of said synchronizing signals to cause the electron ray to repeatedly scan said screen in two directions to produce video signals representative of the images on said screen, means to produce a carrier wave, means to transmit said carrier wave modulated with said video signals and said synchronizing signals in successive rotation, a receiver to receive said signals, a pair of cathode ray picture tubes associated with said receiver, each of the said picture tubes having a fluorescent image screen and an electron ray directed toward its associated screen, means including saw tooth wave generators under control of said received synchronizing signals to cause the electron rays to repeatedly scan their respective fluorescent image screens to reproduce said differently focused images thereon from said received video signals, a movable fluorescent film for each of the said fluorescent screens responsive to light rays from its associated image screen to record said images thereon, a picture projector including an optical lens for each of the said films, a plurality of distant screens, one for each of the said projectors, and means including a plurality of electromagnetic devices, one associated with each of the said picture tubes to move said films in unison past their associated lenses to project like images to said distant screens.

JOHN H. HOMRIGHOUS.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,648,058 Parker Nov. 8, 1927 (Other references on following page) 23:- UNI'I'ED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date Cubitt 'Feb. 24, 1931 Scott Dec. 19, 1933 Smith Oct. 11, 1938 Goldsmith Nov. 1, 1938 'Bingley Sept. 5, 1939 Manifold Oct. 24, 1939 Bedford Feb. 27,1940 Goldmark 1 June 4, 1940 Dorsman May 13, 1941 Goldsmith Aug. 29, 1941 Clothier Dec.-30, 1941 Landis Feb. 17, 1942 Goldsmith Mar. 10, 1942 Bruce Nov. 10, 1942 Goldsmith Nov. 17, 1942 Seeley Dec. 1, 1942 Number Number 

